The current form of the field of pediatric hematology and oncology in our country has been forming for several decades.
CHILDREN'S HEMATOLOGY
Hematopoietic disorders in children were originally dealt with in the field of pediatrics, since the end of World War II. The founder of modern Czech pediatric hematology is prof. MUDr. Otto Hrodek, DrSc., Who published the first textbook on hematopoietic disorders in childhood together with the authors Janel and Mitera in the late 2s. In 50 prof. Hrodek initiated the establishment Pediatric Hematology Working Group (PSDH) in order to centralize care into specialized workplaces and recommended the management of treatment of children with leukemia according to German BFM protocols. Updated BFM protocol schemes are still observed at our workplace.
The development of pediatric hematology in our country begins in the middle of the last century. It follows the rapid growth of all medical disciplines in our state after the end of World War II and the reopening of universities. Pediatric hematology has found fertile ground thanks to the foresight of the Czech pediatric school. Its representatives were prof. MD Jiří Brdlík, DrSc. and his long-term successor to II. Children's Clinic of Charles University in Prague prof. MUDr. Josef Hustik, DrSc. a prof. MD Jiří Švejcar, DrSc. , head of the XNUMXst Children's Clinic of Charles University in Prague, later head of the Children's Clinic of the Institute for Further Education of Physicians and Pharmacists in Prague.
In its beginnings, pediatric hematology also benefited from experience and cooperation with the Czech School of Hematology. Its main representatives in the post-war period were prof. MD Miloš Netousek, author of the extensive monograph Nauka o krve (2nd edition 1951), further prof. MUDr. František Heřmanský, DrSc., an excellent pioneer in cytology, blood cell cytochemistry and hemostasis disorders, especially the role of platelet function. Other important personalities were prof. MUDr. Vladimir Jedlicka, DrSc., author of fundamental work in the field of blood clotting (monograph Hemocoagulation, 1954) and prof. MD Ludvík Donner, DrSc., author of a detailed textbook on hematology (Clinical Hematology, 1985, Bone Marrow Attenuation, 1969).
The first Czech Pediatric Hematology was published in 1957 by Jiří Janel, Otto Hrodek and Miroslav Miter. The development of pediatric hematology and blood bank at the pediatric clinics of the former Faculty Children's Hospital and the Children's Medical Faculty of Charles University in Prague is connected with these authors. Doc. MUDr. Jiri Janele, CSc. later became the head of the department of clinical hematology at the University Hospital in Královské Vinohrady, prof. MD Otto Hrodek, PhD., head of the hematology department II. pediatric clinics and as. MUDr. Miroslav Mitera, chief physician of the blood bank, head of the pediatric department of the Regional Hospital in Ústí nad Labem.
Prof. MD Otto Hrodek, PhD.is the founder of modern Czech pediatric hematology. He published a priority research on the peculiarities of the development of the coagulation system of newborns. He focused on the diagnosis and treatment of childhood leukemias, aplastic anemia and hemophilia. In 1985 he initiated the establishment Pediatric Hematology Working Group (PSDH) Of the Czech Republic and recommended treatment of acute childhood leukemia according to German BFM protocols.
PSDH was established unofficially in 1985, when prof. MUDr. Otto Hrodek, DrSc. convened a meeting of Czech pediatric hematologists, representing faculty and regional hospitals, in the Motol hospital. The meeting was attended by colleagues from Prague, Pilsen, Hradec Králové, Ústí nad Labem, České Budějovice, Ostrava, Olomouc and Brno. The impetus for repeated meetings was the discussion on the launch of a joint study of uniform treatment of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the Czech Republic, which was launched in 1986. Professor Hrodek served as chairman of the group in the XNUMXs.
The 1992s brought the formal establishment of the PSDH as a working section of the Czech Pediatric Society and the Czech Hematological Society of the Czech Medical Association JEP with the creation of the statute and principles of activity. A PSDH committee composed of representatives of leukemia centers was established, and Professor MUDr. Jan Starý, DrSc. In 2004, the first conference of pediatric hematologists in the Czech Republic took place in Ostrava. The conferences soon turned into working meetings of Czech and Slovak pediatric hematologists and took place alternately in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Since XNUMX, the issue of pediatric oncology has been included in the conference program.
PSDH not only develops research, diagnosis and treatment of pediatric patients with various types of leukemia, but also deals with non-malignant blood diseases, thrombosis and hemostasis. Anemia, thrombocytopenia, hemophilia and other blood diseases are the subject of registries, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are being discussed. Since the early XNUMXs, PSDH has worked closely with parent organizations that have been established at individual leukemia centers. PSDH is actively involved in a number of international studies in the diagnosis and treatment of childhood blood diseases, especially leukemia, and works closely with the world's leading figures. Czech children with blood diseases are provided with modern, world-class treatment.
During the second half of the 20th century, pediatric hematology also grew thanks to study stays, internships and cooperation with the world's leading centers, especially the French School of Hematology (Prof. Jean Bernard, Hopital St. Louis, Paris), English Pediatric Hematology (Prof. Roger M Hardists, Hospital for Sick Children, London), the German School of Hematology (Prof. Plenert, Jena, Prof. Hans Jörg Riehm, Hannover), the Children's Clinic of the University of Oslo (Prof. Lie), institutes and universities in the USA, Switzerland, Austria and others. The importance of close cooperation with Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion in Prague, the Department of Pediatric Hematology at Masaryk University in Brno (Doc. Miroslav Běluša, MD, CSc.) and the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology in Bratislava (Prof. Ján Čáp, MD, DrSc.).
Pediatric hematooncology has entered the new millennium in the Czech Republic as an independent certification field. The mutual cooperation of all eight workplaces for the treatment of children's malignancies and their close connection with specialized laboratory and research centers enables the care of sick children at the highest European level.
CHILDREN'S ONCOLOGY
In the mid-60s, children in cancer in the then Czechoslovakia prof. MD Josef Koutecký, DrSc.
In 1974, he managed to build a separate Pediatric Oncology Station. Subsequently, the Department of Pediatric Oncology (1976) was established, which became prof. Koutecký primary. The first extensive monograph on children's tumors in Czechoslovakia was published by prof. Koutecký in 1978. The first independent Department of Pediatric Oncology in Czechoslovakia was established on June 1, 1983 at the Motol University Hospital, which houses the largest workplace for the treatment of pediatric malignancies in the Czech Republic to this day.
He began to develop Czech (or at the time of its establishment Czechoslovak) pediatric oncology in 1964 MD Josef Koutecký at the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Pediatrics, Charles University in Prague and the Children's University Hospital. MUDr. Koutecký was motivated by the absence of targeted care for children and adolescents with malignant tumors in the interest of pediatric patients. The results of treatment in Czechoslovakia at the time were desperate - less than 5% of children survived.
Systematic pediatric and oncological care began to develop in the USA in the mid-50s. Western Europe has been groping for the treatment of children's tumors for a long time, and a comprehensive grasp of the issue did not occur until the emergence of Europe Société Internationale d´Oncologie Pediatrique (SIOP) 1968.
The unique interest of MUDr. Koutecký's support for children with cancer was undoubtedly supported by his work at the XNUMXst Institute of Pathology and Anatomy prof. MD Heřman Šikl DrSc., who dealt with oncological issues. Last but not least, it led Professor Koutecký to pediatric oncology for almost ten years at the Department of Pediatric Surgery, during which he monitored failures in this area of its activities. The then head of the Department of Pediatric Surgery prof. MUDr. Vaclav Kafka, DrSc. spoke with the wish of Dr. Koutecký focused on the field of pediatric oncology, which was then supported by his successor prof. MD Vaclav Tosovsky, DrSc.
The basic idea for the establishment of a field that did not exist in our country until then was to change the current concept of uncoordinated diagnostics and treatment in comprehensive care (categories of an order higher), to obtain a quality team of co-workers - diagnosticians and therapists - and sick children to the greatest extent possible. centralize. The aim of the above procedures was to improve the alarming treatment results in pediatric patients, which in the 60s were only around 3% cured.
The persistent efforts, accompanied at the time by innumerable obstacles, gradually led to improved treatment outcomes and subsequent recognition of the field. In 1971, MUDr. Koutecký appointed oncological ordinary (the first ever in the entire Czechoslovak oncology). The following year he was admitted "illegally" as a member of SIOP (the only one from the republic for many years). In 1974, a separate, autonomous Pediatric Oncology Station with 18 beds and its own team of nurses was built within the Department of Pediatric Surgery. The pediatric oncology station had a cellar study and laboratory, under the then III. children's clinic in the foundry. In 1977, another doctor joined the team MD Vratislav Šmelhaus (since 1983 medical deputy head, still the head of our clinic).
In 1978, the Avicenum publishing house published the first extensive monograph in Czechoslovakia, Josef Koutecký and co-workers, Tumors of the Childhood. The reputation of the department has increased not only thanks to it, but also thanks to numerous publications in magazines of professional companies and even more numerous lectures on various professional forums. MD Corner (1975 CSc., 1984 habilitation, 1985 DrSc., 1987 professorship in oncology - the first in the republic) continued to develop the field of pediatric oncology. Improving conditions for the care of pediatric patients, as well as growing experience in the treatment of pediatric tumors, have gradually led to a significant improvement in treatment outcomes (around 80% in the first half of the 50s).
In the 20s, the care of children with cancer was strengthened by the emergence of Department of Pediatric Oncology at the University Hospital Brno, which has been caring for a large number of pediatric patients from Moravia since 1998. The head of Brno pediatric oncology became prof. MUDr. Jaroslav Štěrba, PhD., Who still runs the Moravian workplace.
